Monday, August 24, 2020

The Technological Revolution Essays - Futurology,

The Technological Revolution Mechanical Changes of the Past and Present The innovation which encompasses nearly everybody in the advanced society, influences both work and recreation exercises. Innovation contains data that many would prefer it didn't have. It impacts minds in great and awful manners, and it permits individuals to share data which they would some way or another not have the option to accomplish. Regardless of whether an individual doesn't possess a PC or have Mastercards, there is data on a PC some place about everybody. The innovation which is quite recently starting to be controlled and bridled is influencing the psyches of little kids and youths in manners that could be destructive. It is influencing our short term. It likewise gives another type of correspondence and trade of data which was not accessible previously, data that is both acceptable and terrible. Innovation is one of the chief main thrusts of things to come; it is changing our lives and forming our future at rates phenomenal ever, with significant ramifications which we can't start to see or comprehend. A wide range of components influence how fulfilled we are with our lives. The effect of innovation on these components can change how sheltered, solid and upbeat individuals feel. From the beginning of time, individuals have searched for better approaches to address their issues and to fulfill their desires. Innovation has improved the manner in which individuals feed, dress and sanctuary themselves. Innovation has additionally changed different parts of regular daily existence, for example, human services, instruction, work fulfillment, and recreation time exercises. Individuals have utilized innovation since they originally chipped stone edges to improve their chasing. However a few people consider the present age the Innovative Age in view of society's reliance on innovation. Without precedent for mankind's history, practically all the merchandise and enterprises individuals use rely upon innovation. The results of innovation are accessible to nearly everybody in the public eye. The economy of a nation impacts how the individuals of the province live. Innovation is frequently viewed as the way in to a country's monetary development. Most financial analysts would state that it is one of the elements in monetary development, however they would presumably differ about its significance. Numerous market analysts believe that if innovation flashes development in one division of the economy as expanded efficiency, development will likewise happen in different areas of the economy. Employments might be lost in one industry, for example, agribusiness however new openings may develop in different areas of the economy. There might be more employments or, for some situation, totally new sorts of occupations. Innovation may likewise be utilized to take care of dire issues. Our developing populace is spending interminable supplies of regular assets. Developments in innovation can take into account progressively effective utilization of restricted or scant assets. More items may be produced using a similar measure of crude material utilizing new procedures. Innovation can build efficiency to assist nations with rivaling different nations in selling merchandise and ventures. Some state that without innovative enhancements, the economy would develop gradually or not in any manner. Society could continue as before for quite a long time, some what like the early Middle Ages in Europe, wherein there was minimal financial change for a long time. Approaches to fabricate merchandise have changed constantly through history. Today, a few significant new advances in innovation are changing. These advancements make new items; the greater part of them likewise change the path individuals in the public eye communicate. These innovations tremendously affect our money related assets. A portion of the innovations which are having the best impact on the economy are: mechanical technology, robotization and computerization. Mechanical autonomy: Artificial Intelligence Despite the fact that mechanical autonomy have a settled situation in the Japanese business, it has not, up until this point, ended up being what numerous specialists figured it would. Organizations in the United States and Europe have not grasped mechanical robots at almost the pace of the Japanese, and other more purchaser arranged forms are especially in the improvement stage. All things considered, industry sources accept that the utilization of robots to make garments and other shopper merchandise will be basic by the turn of the century. This general pattern (the utilization of mechanical autonomy) is probably going to change, maybe drastically, in the following two decades. Robots are in one sense assortments of other progressively essential innovations: sensors, controlling and examination programming, design acknowledgment The Technological Revolution Essays - Futurology, The Technological Revolution Innovative Changes of the Past and Present The innovation which encompasses nearly everybody in the cutting edge society, influences both work and recreation exercises. Innovation contains data that many would prefer it didn't have. It impacts minds in great and awful manners, and it permits individuals to share data which they would some way or another not have the option to achieve. Regardless of whether an individual doesn't claim a PC or have Mastercards, there is data on a PC some place about everybody. The innovation which is a little while ago starting to be controlled and outfit is influencing the brains of little youngsters and teenagers in manners that could be hurtful. It is influencing our short term. It additionally gives another type of correspondence and trade of data which was not accessible previously, data that is both acceptable and terrible. Innovation is one of the chief main impetuses of things to come; it is changing our lives and molding our future at rates phenomenal ever, with significant ramifications which we can't start to see or comprehend. A wide range of components influence how fulfilled we are with our lives. The effect of innovation on these components can change how protected, sound and cheerful individuals feel. Since the beginning, individuals have searched for better approaches to address their issues and to fulfill their desires. Innovation has improved the manner in which individuals feed, dress and safe house themselves. Innovation has additionally changed different parts of regular day to day existence, for example, social insurance, instruction, work fulfillment, and relaxation time exercises. Individuals have utilized innovation since they originally chipped stone edges to improve their chasing. However a few people consider the present age the Innovative Age in view of society's reliance on innovation. Without precedent for mankind's history, practically all the merchandise and enterprises individuals use rely upon innovation. The results of innovation are accessible to nearly everybody in the public arena. The economy of a nation impacts how the individuals of the district live. Innovation is frequently viewed as the way in to a country's monetary development. Most financial analysts would state that it is one of the components in monetary development, however they would likely differ about its significance. Numerous financial analysts believe that if innovation flashes development in one part of the economy as expanded profitability, development will likewise happen in different divisions of the economy. Employments might be lost in one industry, for example, farming yet new openings may rise in different areas of the economy. There might be more employments or, for some situation, totally new sorts of occupations. Innovation may likewise be utilized to take care of dire issues. Our developing populace is spending unbounded supplies of normal assets. Advancements in innovation can take into consideration increasingly effective utilization of constrained or scant assets. More items may be produced using a similar measure of crude material utilizing new methods. Innovation can build efficiency to assist nations with contending with different nations in selling merchandise and ventures. Some state that without innovative enhancements, the economy would develop gradually or not in the least. Society could continue as before for a considerable length of time, some what like the early Middle Ages in Europe, where there was minimal financial change for many years. Approaches to produce products have changed persistently through history. Today, a few significant new advances in innovation are changing. These advancements make new items; a large portion of them likewise change the path individuals in the public eye collaborate. These advances tremendously affect our money related assets. A portion of the advancements which are having the best impact on the economy are: mechanical technology, robotization and computerization. Apply autonomy: Artificial Intelligence In spite of the fact that mechanical autonomy have a settled situation in the Japanese business, it has not, up until this point, ended up being what numerous specialists figured it would. Organizations in the United States and Europe have not grasped modern robots at about the pace of the Japanese, and other more customer situated renditions are particularly in the advancement stage. All things being equal, industry sources accept that the utilization of robots to make garments and other customer merchandise will be regular by the turn of the century. This general pattern (the utilization of apply autonomy) is probably going to change, maybe drastically, in the following two decades. Robots are in one sense assortments of other progressively essential advancements: sensors, controlling and examination programming, design acknowledgment

Saturday, August 22, 2020

American Public University System Characteristics

American Public University System Characteristics Delainah E. Borgonia StarTeam StarTeam is a change the executives framework that was created by an organization named Micro Focus. The frameworks primary expectation is to help a venture that can support anybody, regardless of where they are found. This framework is predominantly utilized in my association as a product improvement following instrument that permits you to follow the product advancement lifecycle through the StarTeam Change Request Workflow process. It additionally permits the program administrators and framework engineers the capacity to work together on activities and track the change the board. Work process is a term used to portray by which individuals from an association finishes troublesome undertakings or activities. This procedure permits one client to start an errand and pass it along to the following individual for survey. When that client is finished with their bit they will pass the task to someone else to finish and settle the survey. This procedure will proceed until the venture is cr eated, tried and sent into creation. Qualities of the Users of the System The representatives that basically utilize the StarTeam framework are the necessity administrators, venture directors, venture functionals, investigators and framework engineers. The necessity and venture chiefs obligation is to audit and approve the change prerequisites and update the target scoring module in the Requirement Management System before it being brought into StarTeam. The undertaking practical framework assesses the solicitation, at that point chooses if the solicitation ought to be sought after. When the venture is given the thumbs up, the undertaking experiences the examiners for survey and precision, at that point to the product designers to compose code and build up the framework. Highlights and Usage of the System The StarTeam Change Request Workflow carefully characterizes the change demands process, improving efficiency and encouraging administration oversight. The work process additionally upholds the security it requires to guarantee just approved staff for explicit information can refresh that information component at the fitting point in the work process. All change demand in StarTeam are constrained by a work process. The work process permits clients to follow the advancement of any change demand from when it is gone into StarTeam, to when it is shut. Every division that has a job to perform on the change demand is reflected by the Air Force Change Request Status of the change demand. After signing into StarTeam the principal thing you see is a posting of tasks broken out by framework name. While tapping on a venture, the principle window that springs up is the Cross-Platform Client otherwise called the task see window. The Content Perspective view is the default see that you see when y ou open the Cross-Platform Client. On the Cross-Platform Client see is a progression of Menus from the envelope tree, upper sheet, segment tabs, and lower sheet, and data tabs. The most significant menu we use is the Upper Pane menu that comprise of a rundown of things related with the envelope that is shown in the organizer tree. Despite the fact that every envelope can contain things of various sorts of undertakings, the upper sheet shows just each kind of information in turn. This is the place we can see where in the work process our task is at present at. The Enterprise work process begins at the status of Enter. This is a framework status that is imperceptible to the client. The client is naturally advance to New for standard work process or Technical Analysis for upkeep work process. Under the New status the change demand is imported from another framework call Remedy and the Requirements Management System just as those made physically inputted straightforwardly into StarTeam. For all physically made change necessities, the client will enter the necessary information utilizing the change demand structure. For all others that are imported, the information required is caught during the import procedure and the change demand is then shown with an Air Force Change Request Status of New. The status is surveyed by the Air Force Personnel Operations Agency (AFPOA) Management. When complete, it is then allocated to an AFPOA Functional and the status is changed to AFPOA Functional. While in the AFPOA Functional status the solicitation is evaluated by the appointed AFPOA Functional. Fields, for example, the Description, Synopsis, Contact, Info, and Application System are approved now. This is the place any records on the side of the change demand are looked into StarTeam and connected to the prerequisite. On the off chance that the change demand influences numerous frameworks, the AFPOA Functional will facilitate the formation of extra StarTeam change demands. All change solicitations and necessities emerging from the change solicitation will be connected regardless of whether they are in various tasks starting from this change demand. Inside this status there are various sub-statuses to permit AFPOA to screen the change demand all through the AFPOA procedure. When the change demand has traveled through the AFPOA procedure the change demand is prepared for the business procedure proprietors (BPO) input, the AFPOA Functional will at that point change the solicita tion status to BPO Eval and educate the BPO that it is prepared for their coordination. In the BPO Eval status the BPO will refresh the weighted factors and audit the information entered up to this point to guarantee the change demand precisely mirrors the ideal framework change. At the point when the BPO has completed the activities required, the status is changed to AFPOA QC and the AFPOA purpose of contact is advised that the change demand is prepared for their activity. While in the AFPOA QC status the purpose of contact plays out their last approval of the change demand before it is made accessible for the Project Management Office (PMO) to start their work on the change demand. When the change demand is prepared for the PMO, the AFPOA QC changes the status to Tech Analysis for the Analyst QCs coordination. In the Tech Analysis status the prerequisite is relegated to an investigator. The investigator will registration any supporting documentation and connection it to the change demand. While in this status there are various sub-statuses so as to permit the undertaking the board office examiners to screen the coordination all through the Technical Analysis process. When complete, the change demand status is changed back to the AFPOA Functional for their endorsement. Now, the AFPOA Functional surveys the change solicitation to decide whether it is prepared for improvement. At the point when the necessity is prepared for advancement, the AFPOA Functional changes the status to Development. During the improvement step the change demand is relegated to an engineer by the Developer QC. The engineer will finish the necessary adjustments to the code and any documentation will be registered to StarTeam and connected to the change demand. When the prerequisite is composed through the engineer the change demand is created and prepared for testing. The Developer QC changes the status to Testing and the Test Manager is advised that the change demand is prepared for testing. When the testing administrator allots the prerequisite to an analyzer, the analyzer executes the test plan in agreement to the necessity. There are a few Test Phases that the prerequisite experiences before the change demand is prepared for acknowledgment testing. When the necessity is pr epared for acknowledgment testing, the Test Manager changes the status to Acceptance Testing, at that point the Test Manager tells the AFPOA QC and advises them that the change demand is good to go. During the Acceptance Testing step the AFPOA QC changes the Test Phase on the Testing tab to User Acceptance Testing and the Test Status to Testing Ready. In the wake of testing is finished effectively, the AFPOA QC changes the Test Status to Passed. At the point when the change demand is prepared for creation the AFPOA QC changes the status to Prod Ready and advises the examiner that the change demand is anticipating their activity. In Prod Ready status the expert readies the change solicitation and connections any records for movement to creation. After the movement is finished the examiner will change the status to Released. After all the activities are practiced for creation, the prerequisites status is changed to Closed and the conclusion motivation to Released. That finishes the Enterprise Workflow process and the ideal framework change is discharged to all clients with the new framework capacity. Effect of the System The absence of StarTeam would hamper the formative cycle and significantly increment the time it would take to execute another IT framework. StarTeam is the paste that holds the whole framework together. It reports the entirety of the means in the improvement cycle. All remarks and notes are store on the StarTeam server. On the off chance that somebody needs to return and verify whether a stage was feeling the loss of, that data is accessible for everybody on the venture group to take a gander at and assess. An existence without StarTeam would make our workers do everything physically. Doing things physically will drastically expand the time spent on a venture, just as an expansion in cost to pay the workers for the extra time expected to process each extend. An expansion of representatives would likewise be required so as to monitor each extend status. Doing things along these lines will cause a gigantic deferral and an expansion in the expense of any framework improvement submitted , which thus can cause strategic for the Air Force. One negative effect StarTeam has, is that the primary clients of the framework are excessively reliant on the framework and can't achieve their activity if the framework was to go down on the grounds that each change necessity venture they are taking a shot at is put away in StarTeam. They have no other following component they use to track and store the necessities that are being worked. End StarTeam is a basic framework to the Air Force advancement cycle as a result of what we use it for. Ive talked about how we utilized StarTeam through the venture work process. The initial step is for the BPO

Law Term Paper Topics

Law Term Paper Topics A research project suggests †that you have read for a particular term, and have acquired enough information regarding the matter, enough to compose a research project, and consolidate the got information and include extra data got by singular training and individual research. A law research project is one of the most confounded research projects there is, as in a law research paper you should be approached to compose explicit things instructed during the semester. All together for an understudy to have the option to compose a decent law research project on any point †he should utilize 100% data gave during class just as execute completely creative information from different books, diaries, distributions. In the event that that appears to be outlandish †there are constantly custom research project composing administrations, for example, CustomWritings.com for you to arrange a law research project and disregard composing it. Utilizing custom composing administrations is a simple and compelling approach to maintain a strategic distance from issues with your law research project. Utilizing a CustomWritings.com is simple and advantageous, as you should simply give clear and justifiable directions to composing the law research project and conceivable law research paper themes you might want the essayist to look over. On the off chance that you have figured out how to achieve all that †completing a paper is just a short time. On the off chance that you wish to compose the paper yourself †you will without a doubt need a direction or some likeness thereof, to comprehend what is anticipated from you, and to compose a suitable law research project. The entire law research project composing procedure can be separated into a few phases. In these stages you need to: 1. Reconsider all that you have gotten the hang of during the training procedure. This is by a wide margin the most significant stage, as here you need to recollect all that you have learnt over the semester and sort thing out a particular way which you will use in the law research paper 2. Pick a proper law research paper theme. Theme may change, yet be cautious no to pick an extremely simple point. In the event that you do that †the educator may have a thought that you are attempting to pass his course with least exertion. There are a large number of law research paper subject models over the web. Have a go at utilizing one of those points, however be mindful so as not to counterfeit anything, as you can undoubtedly get in a tough situation with the scholarly organization. 3. Gather obligatory data, extra material, hotspots for composing the law research project. Continuously record the sources you have utilized. Referencing and reference is required. On the off chance that you neglect to do so †you should clarify your educator why your paper has gave off an impression of being appropriated. 4. Planning the exploration theory, narrowing the law research project point to a particular angle he might want to examine in your law research project. There is nothing more regrettable then a dubious research project. Attempt to be explicit as could reasonably be expected, and attempt to incorporate whatever number models as would be prudent. 5. Build up a quality and itemized layout, which will assist you with organizing the data and compose a fantastic book to the law research project. 6. Compose the primary draft of the law research paper and play out a basic investigation. A while later you have to change and make alterations. 7. Print the last duplicate of your paper. On the off chance that an understudy will have the option to follow these straightforward stages †he unquestionably will compose a decent law research project and demonstrate to his educator Ð µÃ±â‚¬Ã° µ he gets some information and can apply it in a proper field. Here is a rundown of the most mainstream law exposition subjects: 1. European Supremacy Law 2. The perplexing relationship of UK law and European Law has given UK litigantsâ access to legitimate cures in a wide assortment of circumstances further outlining the broad effect of the previous lawful framework on the last mentioned 3. Theory of Law 4. Universal Law and the Gender uniformity guideline 5. Universal Treaties in Australian Domestic Law 6. Aquinas and Aristotle’s View of Law 7. The 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act 8. How a Bill Becomes a Law 9. Law and Morality 10. Megans Law in Australia 11. Assess the degree to which the English law of agreement tends to disparity of bartering power 12. Work Law Sexual Orientation 13. Where does the catalyst for law change come fromand which bodies could change the law? 14. Criticism Law on the Internet 15. Law of E-Commerce 16. The lowest pay permitted by Law 17. EU Law: Educational association and strategy are not as such remembered for the circles which the Treaty 18. Competitive innovation Law 19. Law Relating To Children 20. History of Constitutional Law 21. Assess Parliament as a Lawmaker 22. Wellsprings of EC Law 23. Copyright Laws In Canada 24. The Mandatory Seat Belt Law 25. How successful is worldwide law in managing military clash?

Friday, August 21, 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility of Starbucks Essay Example

Corporate Social Responsibility of Starbucks Paper Corporate Social Responsibility of an organization: Starbucks, the biggest café organization on the planet, is an organization that attempts to make business in a socially mindful manner. The firm isn't just about making espresso yet in addition about treating with respect the customers and the earth where they are working into. Thus, we will talk about the various activities embraced by Starbucks so as to be socially right. Single word that could best portray the strategic the organization is  «commitmentâ ». To begin with, Starbucks is commited to its causes. It puts away incredible measures of cash that advantage espresso makers, just as the common habitat. By doing that, it assists with improving the lives of espresso ranchers and simultaneously they ensure nature where they develop their beans. In addition, Starbucks bolsters the safeguarding of nature. It attempts to lessen squander from its activities and to reuse, so as to have a more beneficial planet. A few models are the utilization of earth well disposed items, the acknowledgment that the monetary duty is vital to the eventual fate of the world’s condition, and the proportion of the advancement for each venture. What's more, Starbucks demonstrates its pledge to its accomplices. In this manner, it gives an incredible workplace by approaching every worker with deference and poise. Besides, it grasps assorted variety by selecting individuals from everywhere throughout the world. To wrap things up, the café remembers the nearby networks. We will compose a custom article test on Corporate Social Responsibility of Starbucks explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Corporate Social Responsibility of Starbucks explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Corporate Social Responsibility of Starbucks explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Its motivation is to add to those networks by urging its accomplices to become dynamic members in where they work. Taking everything into account, Starbucks is an organization that regards individuals, nature, and thusly, the planet. The café could be an extraordinary model for different organizations that couldn't care less about social issues and simply attempt to build their benefits. On the off chance that different organizations followed the way that Starbucks is working, the world would improve as a spot to live. List of sources: http://gr. starbucks. com/en-US/_Social+Responsibility/_Social+Responsibilities/Environment+Mission+Statement. htm

Sunday, July 19, 2020

Cheap and Effective Invoicing Softwares

Cheap and Effective Invoicing Softwares © Shutterstock | Andrey_PopovThis article delves into the world of invoicing softwares, the metamorphoses of those softwares into invoicing softwares as we know them today, the advantages of invoicing softwares over traditional invoicing methods, as well as the effective and affordable invoicing softwares currently available in the market.INVOICING SOFTWARESJust like anyone would benefit from shifting from pen and paper to Microsoft word or any other writing softwares, invoicing softwares are designed to make your work easier. If you are considering a transition from traditional methods of invoicing, your first major decision will be to research on invoicing and accounting softwares (which we have done for you here).Most accounting softwares come fitted with at least a basic invoicing feature. If one can find an accounting software that falls within their price range, it will not be necessary to go out in search of an invoicing software.However, you might need advanced or specialize d invoicing features that most accounting softwares may be lacking, for example, auto-billing. Additionally, you might be on a tight budget and invoicing softwares will generally come cheaper in comparison to accounting softwares.Currently, there are several cheap invoicing softwares out there for businesses that are running on a tight budget such as sole proprietors, and micro-businesses. These softwares will be discussed in detail in subsequent sections of this article.BRIEF HISTORY OF INVOICING SOFTWARESIn the course of researching this subject, we found that the technology of invoicing softwares goes as far the mid 20th century; amazing right? While there was a wide spread hippie revolution all over the world, the business world was undergoing its own revolution that involved the reality of a less paper-cluttered office, with everything being processed electronically.The most interesting thing about this discovery is that the business world was already dreaming of electronically processed documents and transactions even before computers had taken root. Because of the business people of the 1960’s, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems became as a means of conveying transactional data back and forth between clients and businesses, for example, invoices and purchase orders. These Electronic Data Interchange Systems remained in use up until the 1990’s when emails and QuickBooks came to be.In 1992, QuickBooks was introduced to the business world and quickly overthrew Peachtree as the leading accounting and invoicing tool. Therefore, e-accounting and invoicing have been solutions that have been at our disposal for decades now.Despite this fact, most small and medium businesses have avoided the use of these softwares because they do not think they need them. Most small and medium businesses will use emails, and might also use MS Word and Excel, but they will normally keep things at that simple level. SOFTWARE AND TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION IN INVOICING SOF TWARESToday, another kind of electronic revolution is in progress. This is Cloud-computing. Cloud-based softwares encompass invoicing, web design, and almost all other important softwares commonly used in business. Cloud computing is offering numerous advantages over the traditional invoicing and has made invoicing systems easier than ever.Why Cloud Computing is More Effective than Locally Installed SoftwaresThere are two main types of invoicing softwares available in the market today; invoicing softwares installed on the computer’s hard drive or locally installed softwares, and invoicing softwares that are  available ‘in the cloud’.Cloud softwares imply that data is stored in remote servers and is accessible from any computer or devise that has access to the internet, for example, a smartphone or a tablet. As opposed to going into intricate detail about how cloud computing works, all that you need to grasp for the purposes of this article is that all the data, such as your c lient information, is stored online, meaning you can access it on the internet. This data is protected by encryption and, therefore, it is not easy for any hackers to access it. Cloud computing also implies that you will not lose any data that you had saved in case your business’s computer network suddenly crashes.As opposed to locally installed softwares, where your business pays a onetime fee, Cloud-based softwares works like a service and businesses that use the softwares are charged on a daily, monthly, annually, or pay-as-you-go for the use of the service. Most modern invoicing softwares are cloud-based and they are fast gaining popularity in the business world for the flexibility they offer; you can literally access you invoicing records anywhere in the world in addition to providing you with a secure data storage and backup location.In terms of locally installed invoicing softwares, there are softwares that you can download and install in your computer, for example ExpressI nvoice. Locally installed invoicing softwares can be cheaper in the long run since they are a one-time cost as opposed to a regular service payment. However, they are lacking in mobility and flexibility as well as other useful features available in cloud-based invoicing softwares.[slideshare id=42095172doc=cloud-141127081528-conversion-gate01w=640h=330]ADVANTAGE OF INVOICING SOFTWARES OVER TRADITIONAL METHODSWe have mentioned that cloud-based invoicing softwares have made invoicing systems much easier for businesses. In this section we explore in depth what it implies to be using cloud-based invoicing softwares as opposed to manually handling invoicing activities or using spreadsheet programs such as Ms Excel.The very first advantage is that, invoicing softwares guarantee Faster Payments in comparison to traditional invoice methods. Of course the faster you send out your invoices the faster you will receive your payments form your clients. With modern smart invoicing softwares, one can simply schedule invoices to be sent out to the respective parties at specific times; this will in turn avail a faster and more reliable income system for you. In addition to this, most invoicing softwares allow the user to collect their payments online through services such as PayPal or Skrill, which is much faster than waiting for a cheque and is more convenient for clients to deliver payments too.Invoicing softwares also portray a more Professional Impression of the business that traditional means may be unable to bring out. Using invoicing softwares results in more professional looking templates, which are customizable with the business’s name and logo bringing the serious and professional outlook of your business that you want.Invoicing softwares also allow for the collection of Sales Information. Invoicing softwares will mostly come fitted with reporting features that allow you to track payments, allow you to view projected income, client history, and so forth. Some softw ares will also have an expense tracking feature. As the owner of a business, you can use this information to make important business decisions.Also, invoicing softwares avail better Organized Books. Since invoicing softwares leave very little room for error, there are fewer occurrences of missed and late payments. When one uses invoicing softwares they do not have to recall every aspect of the business’s financial transactions since this is executed automatically by the software.Additionally, invoicing softwares ensure that there are Accurate Billing Statements. As mentioned, there is little room for error when one is using invoicing softwares; there are more accurate billing statements, therefore, reducing the occurrence of misunderstandings between the business and the clients by overcharging, or losing revenue for the business by undercharging. This is a level of functionality and accuracy that traditional invoicing methods cannot guarantee. Additionally, some invoicing softwar es will come with features that help you detect late payments.Invoicing softwares facilitate Automatic Payments as opposed to traditional means of invoicing. Where your business offers a membership or subscription based service, you can apply invoicing softwares in collecting automatic payments weekly, monthly, annually, or at whatever intervals you decide.Invoicing softwares also Save on Business Resources; handling all your invoicing activities manually consumes a lot of time, and in business, time equals money. The manpower necessary to handle invoicing activities is also significantly cut down and hence the costs of operating your business will reduce in proportion. Additionally, all the stationery that would have been applied in manually handling invoicing activities is saved.Further, Mobility and Flexibility is assured when one uses modern invoicing softwares. For example, when using Cloud-based invoicing softwares, the business owner can access their books of accounts from an y location in the world with internet connection, therefore, enabling them to invoice their clients in the most flexible manner and through the simplest of means, for example, their phone.Invoicing softwares provide Security for sensitive business information. Information that is recorded on paper or stored in MS Excel spreadsheets is vulnerable to unwarranted access, manipulation, theft, and even loss or destruction. Cloud-based invoicing softwares store all of your sensitive information in encrypted formats on remote servers, which reduces liability on your part and ensures that you do not lose any data in the occurrence of an accident or sabotage.INVOICING SOFTWARE FEATURES AND HOW THEY COMPARE TO TRADITIONAL METHODSInvoicing softwares will come fitted with numerous useful features, such as; automatic payment reminders, tax calculation functions, invoice templates, and so forth.Not all invoicing softwares will have every possible feature but the most common features are:Online pa yment optionsCustomizable Invoice templatesPayment remindersAutomatic receiptsBusiness’s inventory featuresInventory trackingFinancial reportsCustomer statementsAuto-billingMulti-lingual capabilitiesSnail mail servicesMulti-currency capacityTime and expense trackingSales Tax and VAT calculationSoftware Upgrade featuresMobile applicationsBasic bookkeeping features.The features of invoicing softwares are exactly what seem to give them an edge over the features of traditional invoicing methods. However, the comparison of these two generations of invoicing tools reveals a few noteworthy points.The first is that that with traditional invoicing methods, you have to store files and documents manually, either in writing or in Excel spreadsheets and as such, there is always the risk of losing all of your information in case of a natural catastrophe or accident that damages your computer or office. This is unlike modern invoicing softwares which backup your information in remote servers, el iminating the risk of loss or damage of information. However, note that the backup tools varies in every invoicing software, therefore, it is important to carefully look at the backup features of a software prior to considering using it in the storage of important or sensitive files.Also, invoicing softwares, and more specifically Cloud-based softwares, undoubtedly increase flexibility and mobility in bookkeeping. However, as much as traditional invoicing methods do not offer the same flexibility or immunity to loss and damage as the softwares do, their functionality is not determined or hampered by internet connection unlike modern invoicing softwares. This is one downside to invoicing softwares that is seldom mentioned in discussions. Although online softwares can retrieve files and work on them offline, they are primarily designed to work online, on the web interface. In situations or locations where internet connection is slow, these invoicing softwares may also be annoyingly sl ow and may even create unnecessary inconveniences and delays. With invoicing softwares unlike traditional invoicing methods, you are dependent on an online vendor for the normal functionality of your invoicing activities. Therefore, when using invoicing softwares, it may be important to conduct your research on the most reliable internet vendors to minimize the occurrence of undue delays.Another important point of comparison between the two invoicing tools is the capacity to upgrade. It is imperative in business to ensure that your staff is up to date with the latest skills and tools for the performance of their duties; anything that keeps improving the team’s functionality and efficiency. When it comes to upgrading and constantly improving functionality, the invoicing softwares blaze the trail over traditional methods. Software users automatically get feature upgrades to their softwares in real time. This is unlike traditional invoicing tools that would demand an extensive and ti me consuming exercise of training the staff in order to acquire new or additional skill sets that improve their functionality and efficiency. For invoicing softwares, upgrades are simply incremental, and do not demand much training for personnel.For example, consider when Microsoft released the 2007 Office that had a new file format as well as a new interface. Most business’s had a choice to make, either move to the new version of Office and go through the rigorous process of retraining their staff members, or maintain the old version of Office and be limited to its functions, have trouble relating with other organizations, and generally lag behind in terms of functionality. It goes without saying that every business eventually chose the former. Such radical effort s are not necessary in upgrading invoicing softwares because upgrades in these softwares are simply incremental, making them much more convenient to work with.Invoicing softwares may find their weakness in their depende ncy on the internet and internet service providers but a wholesome comparison of the features of these two generations of invoicing tools will always reveal that invoicing softwares are much more advantageous and convenient to use compared to the traditional means of invoicing. The following section presents a number of cheap and effective invoicing softwares to choose form and that may be suitable for you and your business.If you want to dig really deep into e-invoicing, then read this research study.[slideshare id=4386799doc=einvoicing2010-100602035619-phpapp02type=dw=640h=330]CHEAP AND EFFECTIVE INVOICING SOFTWARESEvery business has needs that are completely unique, therefore, selecting an invoicing software means carefully considering the features of each software and selecting the most suitable one. If your business cannot afford invoice softwares that big companies apply in their book keeping, do not panic. There are several cheap and effective invoicing softwares available in the market. Let us take a look at the most recommendable invoicing softwares in that category.CloudBooksCloudBooks is a Cloud-based accounting software that keeps you up to date on all your business needs. With CloudBooks one is able to keep track of their time and expenses, manage tax rates, and also create estimates that can be converted into invoices with the simple click of a button. CloudBooks also enables the user to prepare reports and account for recurring invoices in addition to allowing your clients to comment on the prepared estimates and invoices. In addition, this software allows for recurring expenses to be automatically added to invoices ensuring that your business does not miss any payments due to it. With CloudBooks, Authorize.Net and PayPal are the online payment systems at your disposal.This unique invoicing software allows you to customize and add exclusive expenses to each client’s invoice. This software is especially suited for small business owners and free lancers. It has numerous amazing features that make your invoicing activities feel like a piece of cake. The user is able to keep tabs on payments and delays in payments and the client’s page allows him/her to collaborate and participate in their individual projects and view their invoices in real time. Note, however, that this software is not limited to small businesses; it is also capable of supporting large business teams as well as multiple projects. You can add as many tasks as you want and you can also assign a task, manage different projects, and keep track of time with ease. Roleâ€"based access in all your projects guarantees the user’s business security and safety of sensitive and important.CloudBooks time tracking is simplified by the automated timer feature, which allows billing to occur in real time and for adjustments to invoices to automatically be made. CloudBooks is a software filled with helpful features designed to make all your business’s financial informati on available to you anywhere and on any devise that can access the internet. CloudBooks offers a 30 day trial period where you are allowed to send a maximum of five invoices to clients; however, this trial period is limited and does not include mobile support and payment option features. There is a free version of the software where you will be limited to one client, no staff, and only five invoices in a month. For the basic version, a monthly cost of $2 only is payable while for the premium version a monthly charge of $20 only is payable.[slideshare id=41057518doc=cloudbooks-presentation2-141103100701-conversion-gate01w=640h=330]FreeAgentThis is another Cloud-based accounting and invoicing software designed for small and middle-sized businesses. FreeAgent is especially suitable if you charge by the hour and have a number of contractors working on your business’s projects. The software allows you to set separate timers for different clients and different projects and automatically keeps a roster of the total number of hours worked for each client. This feature allows you to accurately bill your clients efficiently and have in your possession updated timesheets all the time.FreeAgent allows you to draw up estimates quite easily and convert them into invoices as soon as approval is received by the client. This awesome software also does not place a limit on the number of attachments or documents you present along with your invoices. In addition to this, the user is able to create their own default mail to go along with invoices. FreeAgent also helps you enable automatic accounting for recurring invoices, makes regular payment reminders to clients, and also sends automatic thank you notes to the clients when payments are delivered.With FreeAgent, expenses are tracked and included in costs. The clients also have an avenue to view the progress of their projects, invoices, and payments from a client interface feature. With its job-costing feature, FreeAgent assist s the user in tracking an unlimited number of projects; keep track of expenses and time. The software also generates the estimated profitability of your ongoing projects as well as all related financial documentation and invoices in a comprehensive manner. The only downside to this software is that developers have not released a mobile application, which would make the software even more user-friendly. FreeAgent has a 30 day trial period offer after which a fixed monthly charge of 24$ only is payable for the full version of the software. Invoiceable / InvoicelyInvoiceable is an effective invoicing and billing software that has grown to become widely successful and widely accepted in the business world. Invoiceable is free and is most suitable for small businesses and freelancers. This software is easy to use and is capable of meeting all of your billing and invoicing demands. This software enables the user to create very detailed invoices and recurring invoice entries are automated. In addition to this, the software allows the user to receive partial payments that are also accounted for in the clients’ invoices in real time. With Invoiceable, you cannot customize invoices to a large extent but you can include your business’s logo and alter the template’s header to your liking.The software does not avail complex tools such as an inventory management tool although it does allow the user to generate client statements. Additional drawbacks of this software may be that it only allows one user per account and that there is no mobile application that has been developed to ease the user’s access. The developers of Invoiceable have not introduced any feature updates recently, which implies that development of the software is much slower than would be preferable to the users. However, this invoicing software can be used for free, making it suitable for freelancers and businesses that do not have extensive business needs.BillbooksBillbooks is an effective invoici ng software that sends estimates to your clients automatically. The software makes it quick and simple to process invoices. This software does all the work for you; all you have to do is make a few entries and have your invoice generated in an instant and ready for dispatch. The software is also multilingual and can translate your invoices for the convenience of any foreign clients you have. In addition to this, the user can set up automatic accounting for recurring invoices and also set up the software to send regular payment reminders to clients. Billbooks offers payment options inclusive of PayPal, Stripe, and Authorize.Net. In addition to invoicing, the software also generates profit and loss reports for each project the user undertakes if need be.Billbooks allows the user to convert the invoices to PDF format, after which the user can easily edit and print out. Since the software supports several projects it is fitted with a search function that helps the user search and locate old invoices, therefore, no transactions are ever lost in case a follow up or clarification needs to be made with a particular client. The charges in Billbooks are based on the number of invoices one wants to send out, where; twenty invoices go for $10, fifty invoices go for $20, a hundred invoices go for $35, and two hundred invoices go for $60. As mentioned, these invoices never get lost and never expire. The user has access to a full set of useful features that they can use to support an unlimited number of clients. NutcacheInvoicing softwares do not get more efficient than this. This Cloud-based invoicing software allows you an unlimited number of users, invoices, and clients. It also includes in its tools expense and time tracking. Nutcache is surprisingly easy to learn and use; it is easy to formulate invoices and mail them to the relevant clients.  The only downside is that the software does not allow the user to add further information or attachments to invoices nor does i t allow the clients to add their comments. In addition, the user cannot modify the default system-generated mail that is sent to the clients, which can be quite a bother to some users. Further, there is the issue of limited options in online payment.Despite these faults, Nutcache is multi-lingual and supports as many as ten languages, which are all extremely user friendly. The software also has mobile application that is available in Google Play and App Store, making your access to all the financial aspects of your business that much easier. Nutcache is frequently updated and upgraded, regularly introducing new functions and additional benefits to the users. Sage OneSage One is also a Cloud-based invoicing software that has an extremely user-friendly interface. The software’s instructions are very easy to follow and in just a few steps the user is ready to begin. Customized invoicing with this software is simplified; you are able to assign multiple tax rates to each client, have i nvoices updated in real time, and keep track of all payments and delays. Sage One also has online payment options, recurring billing, and a reporting tool.With Sage One, freelancers and business owners find that collaboration on projects becomes quite easy. The software also has tools that enable the user to assign tasks, track costs and expenses, and keep track of time spent on each activity. In addition, e-mail notifications keep your business/project team on their toes in regards to the progress and demands of the project. With Sage One, invoices are consistently developed and dispatched as soon as they are due, ensuring that you receive all your payments in a timely fashion. This software has a free trial of 30 days of the full version, while the basic version requires a small monthly payment of $9 only. TO SUM UPWhen in search for an affordable invoicing software, the user should consider its time-saving features, for example; automated entries, financial report generation, and financial reconciliations. In addition to this, good invoicing softwares will have complimentary features that aid in the accounting activities of the business, such as profit and loss report generation, which will enable the user to assess the profitability or lack, thereof, of particular projects.Invoicing is generally a time-extensive activity but life can be much easier for your business when you make use of invoicing softwares. Now more than ever, the development of Cloud-computing has made invoicing softwares very affordable; gone are the days when invoicing softwares were reserved for established organizations, now even start up businesses can enjoy the benefits of an array of cheap and affordable invoicing softwares such as those discussed above.Businesses now have a wide range of softwares to choose form, from the simplest of invoicing softwares to more complex ones that offer bank integration options and countless project and time management options differing form softwar e to software. Keep in mind, softwares change and evolve at a very fast rate, and this is more so for Cloud-based softwares, therefore, ensure that you visit your service providers website and read their e-mails constantly in order to keep yourself and your business up to date with the functions that your chosen invoicing software has to offer at any given moment.Do not feel overwhelmed by the myriad of invoicing softwares at your disposal; simply create a budget, decide which invoicing features you need, and research on the invoicing softwares that fall in your bracket before deciding on one. Invoices are some of the most important links in the paper-trail, accordingly, always take your time in certifying that the data you input in the invoicing software you use is accurate in order to generate error-free invoices. Also, ensure that you keep a backup of all the invoices you generate both in soft and hard copy for reference purposes.Equipped with the directive of this article, you a re now set to bill the world in style.

Saturday, June 27, 2020

Voyeurism in Richard III - Literature Essay Samples

The villainous character of Richard III creates an intimate relationship with his audience by giving them a voyeuristic window into his most private moments. This sense of voyeurism is important to recognize when analyzing Richard’s character due to his lustful relationship with power and romanticization of violence. Richard Loncraines film adaptation of Shakespeare’s play heightens this sense of closeness with Richard by breaking the fourth wall between Ian McKellen’s character and the film’s audience. Loncraine’s focus on the element of voyeurism and the sexual and sadistic element of Richard III’s character create the allusion of an intimate relationship with between the actor and the individual viewer, which explains the attractiveness and likability of Richard despite his deplorable behavior. Shakespeare invites the audience to listen in on Richard’s most private thoughts; Loncraine takes this element of the play a step further by allowing the audience to feel as if they are directly interacting with him in his film adaptation. Loncraine begins to build this relationship between the viewer and Richard in the first scene where we hear Richard’s breathing over the rest of the audio in the background (3:02). In order to clearly hear the inhale and exhale of a person’s breathing, you must be in very close proximity with that person. Loncraine uses this sound technique to create a feeling of closeness to Richard and allude to interactions the viewer will perceive to have with Richard in future scenes. Throughout the rest of the film, while Richard shares his darkest internal monologues with his audience, he often looks directly into the camera to create a private moment between him and the viewer. During his opening soliloquy, the viewer watches Richard ur inate and handle his genitals while he expresses his desire for power. Then, Ian McKellens character breaks the fourth wall for the first time and confesses his desire in an intimate conversation with the viewer (11:40-11:54). Loncraine’s choice of setting for this first allusion of eye contact is done to heighten the intimacy between you and Richard. The assumption that his genitals are exposed, although they are not displayed in the shot, represents Richard’s lustful relationship with power and adds to the idea of the audience as voyeurs. This is where Loncraine begins to build on the attractiveness of Richard — once the viewer realizes they have a private relationship with him. Richard becomes attractive to the audience due to his charming and sexual language and his sadistic relationship with taking the throne. In order to be an effective villain, one must be charming and attractive in order to escape defeat. In the scene where Richard catches Lady Anne mourning her dead husband, he makes a very inappropriate attempt to seduce her (16:00). The murder of Lady Anne’s husband was committed to launch Richard’s rise to power. The fact that Richard wants a sexual relationship with the spouse of the man he murdered reveals to us Richard’s lustful connection to violence and dominance. Richard asks Lady Anne to murder him if he cannot have her love and presents a knife to her (19:21). He uses intimate and romantic language while he holds the knife to himself, which is important in understanding Richard’s attraction to violence. The visual image of Richard threatening his own life in conjunction with his sexual desire for Lady Anne excite s the audience in two different ways, which allows the audience to feel a sense of how Richard is aroused by violence. Immediately after this interaction, Richard breaks the fourth wall again and speaks directly to the reader (21:31). He says: â€Å"Was ever woman in this humor won?/I’ll have her, but I will not keep her long† (1.2.214-215). McKellen speaks these lines from the play directly to the audience to brag about his sexual prowess and confess his lack of commitment to Lady Anne. His seduction of Lady Anne is a tactic rather than a genuine attempt at forming a relationship with her. This confession allows the audience to build a connection between Richard’s sexuality and his rise to power. The audience is made aware of his charm and continues to be wooed by it throughout the movie due to these private interactions between actor and viewer. It is difficult to define Richard III by one characteristic, as he has a broad set of personality traits and attributes. However, his attractiveness proves to be most significant because it blinds the viewer. The audience is confused by Richard’s desirability because, although they want to condemn him for his criminality and autocratic behavior, they have built a close relationship with him. They have been given a window into the private life of Richard and have been allowed to visualize all aspects of his enigmatic character. Loncraine makes Richard into the perfect attractive villain through his enhancement of Richard’s desirability and the level of intimacy he creates through film techniques.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 968 Words

Solidifying the theme of John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, the protagonist George expresses his significant loneliness despite a strong kinship with his friend Lennie, â€Å"’I ain’t got no people†¦ I seen the guys that go around the ranches alone. That ain’t no good’† (41). Published in 1937, amidst the horrific turmoil of the Great Depression, Steinbeck’s novella struck a sensitive chord with readers. Set in the heart of California’s Central Valley, this story follows two men, George and Lennie, as they run from old shadows to a new farm for work. Clinging to the distant dream of owning their own piece of land, the men imagine life outside their present difficulties. Illustrating that life is varied by emotional complexities beyond black and white, George’s longing for companionship and family seep through in conversations with his new co-worker Slim. Despite Lennie’s sheer physical strength, his mental abi lities are limited to that of a naà ¯ve, innocent, and very young boy; the result is a relationship akin to an uncle and nephew. Lennie, with primal-like behaviors and a gold-fish memory, struggles to adhere to George’s words of wisdom. In the end, tragedy strikes them both as George is forced to kill Lennie due to an accident with the son of the landowner’s wife – a woman who looks for trouble at the onset. Consequently, George’s state of loneliness is bequeathed to a new level as he begins to imagine life without Lennie in tow. Son of a farmer, college drop-out, film maker,Show MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1248 Words   |  5 PagesIn Steinbeck s novel Of Mice and Men, He uses imagery many times to create a realistic setting and plot. Steinbeck’s depiction of migrant workers and their daily complications during the depression are objectively precise due to his use of imagery with idioms, dreams, nature, loneliness and animal imagery. The main theme of the book transpires to be loneliness and fate. While George and Lennie, the main characters have a synergetic relationship, fate steps in and does away with their dreams, whichRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men897 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we possess. Many people feel certain emotions based on events that have taken place in their lifetime or how they were raised throughout their childhood. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, he portrays the feelings of isolation and loneliness in three different characters. George’s isolation is illustrated in Steinbeck’s, Of Mice and Men. George expresses many hard feelings towards Lennie at the opening of this story. â€Å"‘...you’re a lot of trouble,’ said George. ‘I could get along so easy and soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1243 Words   |  5 Pagesis what John Steinbeck achieves by portraying this through the characters in his novella Of Mice and Men. The main characters are affected by loneliness in their own different way throughout the novella. rf The loneliness is maintained by the challenges that the characters have to face, and they sustain those challenges of being inhumane towards each other. Crook, a figure in the story who experiences discrimination encounters the challenge of race, due to the book’s setting in the 1930’s duringRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1080 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I want you to stay with me Lennie. Jesus Christ, somebody’d shoot you for a coyote if you was by yourself.† The novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck shows the relationship between two migrant workers in the 1930s, George and Lennie, along with the other members on the new ranch that they began working on. Georgie and Lennie dreamed of following the American Dream and owning their own patch of land and the novel revolves around the dream and the obstacles that stand in their way. Lennie, a strongRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe realistic fiction novella O f Mice And Men by John Steinbeck explains the journey of two migrant farm workers. Lennie and George are forced to overcome the Dust Bowl and The Great Depression around 1938. This makes jobs even harder to come by because everyone wanted one. Lennie and George were kicked out of Weed and they now work at a ranch in Soledad. At the new farm the friendship between Lennie and George becomes harder to maintain. The people on the farm are all different shapes, sizes, andRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2167 Words   |  9 Pagesjobs. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, George Milton and Lennie Small wander through California in search of a new job that would help them make enough money to live their American dream on â€Å"the fatta the lan’†(Steinbeck 14). George and Lennie’s hard work and determination is not enough for them to live their dream. Lennie has a mental disability that slows the two friends down from living their dream; they have to ru n from job to job because of Lennie’s unintentional actions. Steinbeck incorporatesRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1360 Words   |  6 Pagesfeeling, thinking and acting in everyday life. In the story Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, a duo of farmers, George and Lennie, search for work wherever they can. Their dream of having a farm of their own is coming into reach, while George has to wield Lennie away from the temptation of Curley’s wife and the reality of what Lennie can do. John Steinbeck uses characterization to illustrate the nature of human existence. Steinbeck portrays George as a man who tries to help, and helps others soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1448 Words   |  6 Pages In the novella, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck discusses the idea of loneliness and how people who work at the ranch have no family and no future in lives. He indicates that all people at the ranch are lonely, but he specifically uses a few characters to highlight their state of being lonely and more miserable than the others. He emphasizes the loneliness of ranch life during the Great Depression, and shows how people are willing to try and find friendship in order to escape from the state ofRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1205 Words   |  5 Pagesand the time period of John Steinbeck s novella, Of Mice and Men, exemplifies the idea that people from minorities are held back from achieving their version of the ‘American Dream’. This goes to prove not everyone will overcome the overbearing tidal waves of their hardship s, which makes the American Dream nothing more than a dream to them. Crooks, the black stable hand, faces discrimination due to his skin color as this unfortunately was common in the 1930’s. John Steinbeck uses Crooks’ situationRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1387 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage. Soledad is also town in which Of Mice Men takes place. The entire novel displays the idea of solitude. Along with the presence of loneliness in this story, John Steinbeck also ties in the idea of companionship through the everyday lives of individuals. The correlation of loneliness and companionship in the lives of these characters, along with the diversion of lifestyles consistently shows. Of all the many themes of the book, Of Mice and Men, the most important theme is the theme of loneliness

Monday, May 18, 2020

Intentionality And Consciousness And The Characteristics...

Catherine Andes Philosophy 290 Dr. Dwyer April 15, 2015 I. Intentionality and Consciousness and the Characteristics of â€Å"The Mental† All of us try and explain the great mystery that has pondered ancient and modern philosophers. What constitutes our mental thoughts? Putting characteristics together to describe â€Å"The Mental† is something that Graham has done in order to try and explain the ongoing phenomenon of the Mind-Body problem. Philosophers and writers, including Graham, have developed, and held onto the ideas that Intentionality and Consciousness are directly related to the Mind-Body problem. They use these two factors to come up with true reasoning as to why we think and react the way that we do and what†¦show more content†¦Intentionality plays an important role in bringing about changes in a persons activity and mind actions. Consciousness gives us no answer as to why brain states give rise to mental states. Consciousness is a certain feature shared by sense-experience and imagery, perhaps belonging also to a broad range of other mental phenomena. According to Graham, â€Å"Consciousne ss is the most vivid or explicit feature of our mental lives- for our being minded or possessing a perspective.† It is interesting because Consciousness has us ask ourselves what it seems to be. How is feels to be in pain, anger, shame or happiness. Consciousness is in a sense, the feeling we get when we think through a math problem or remember where we parked our car. However, at the heart of the debate over the nature of human beings, the existence of free will, and the validity of science there are two opposing viewpoints: dualism and physicalism. II. Dualism Dualism is the attempt to solve the mind-body problem that has been stumping philosophers for years. Coming to an explanation requires two types of dualism that include: substance dualism and property dualism. Philosophers who argue and agree with substance dualism, is the idea that the mind and the body are composed of different substances that can be separated and broken down into smaller pieces.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Taobao vs. Ebay China The Internet Oligopoly Market

Taobao vs. EBay China The Internet Oligopoly Market The Chinese online C2C market has two main players, EBay China and Taobao who largely control the market. Their products are identical and the action of one company directly affects the other. For example, Taobao was launched with an entirely no-fee model thereby greatly affecting the chances of eBay in implementing the payment system, An Fu Tong (Secure Pay). The importance of oligopolies in internet markets is that with limited companies controlling the market, it is difficult for one to make unjustified price increases. If such increases are not adapted by the other companies, it will be detrimental the one that introduced them, it can lose shares in the already limited market. The likely possibility is that consumers will turn to other providers for the same product at reduced rate (Perloff, 2008, p.445). This is evident in the case of Taobao and eBay China, the no-fee model adapted by Taobao was the main reason eBay bowed out of the Chinese online C2C market. In addition, it also worked against Taobao when it introduced bidding for ranking In the internet oligopoly market, mergers and acquisitions enhance market concentration. It is evident in the Chinese online C2C market, that the more concentrated it is leads to price wars. These price wars are beneficial to the consumers. Strategic Possibilities for EBay China The management of eBay China can re-conquer their position as market leader in the C2C onlineShow MoreRelatedMarketing and Internet Service Industry Essay example10345 Words   |  42 PagesFigure 3 List of TablesChapter One Introduction 4 1.1 Background of Chinese Internet service industry 5 1.2 Background of Tencent 7 1.3 The current events - Tencent VS 360 Safeguard 9 1.4 Scope, sources and methodology 10 Chapter Two: Literature Review 12 2.1 PEST analysis 12 2.2 SWOT 15 2.3 More on the difference and relationship between PEST and SWOT 16 2.4 Marketing Mix (4P) in Internet contexts 17 ÃŽ » Products or services 19 ÃŽ » Price 22 ÃŽ » Place 24 ÃŽ »

The Impact Of Social Media On The Criminal Justice System

The Impact of Social Media on the Criminal Justice System Media and Crime Writing Assignment Derek Q. Mahaffey University of Tennessee-Chattanooga 30 November 2016 The Clifford Harris video, Warzone, is a thought-provoking video that documents not the killings of blacks at the hands of law enforcement but, rather, the unprecedented scenario of cops targeting everyday white folks. Viewers are taken through a few disturbing scenes, including reenactments of the killings of Tamir Rice, Philando Castile, and Eric Garner, only with white citizens playing the tragic victims. The video is a call to action for white citizens to wake up and witness the Warzone that exists in plain sight for minorities in this country. The subject matter of the aforementioned video was brought to the attention of America by utilizing social media as the primary outlet. Today, the criminal justice system has come under tremendous scrutiny due to sophisticated methods of communication, which is social media. Law enforcement tools have progressed from wanted posters to police radio, and social media networks, such as Twitter, Facebook, Facebook Live, and Instagram. Commu nity policing has reached a new level because of social media in an effort expose rogue police officers, locate those that are missing, alert neighbors of suspicious activity, provide information to the public of crimes committed in their neighborhoods, and offer an accurate record of police activity. The social mediaShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness of the Criminal Trial Process as a Means of Achieving Justice977 Words   |  4 PagesThe effectiveness of the criminal trial process as a means of achieving justice The criminal trial process aims to provide justice for all those involved, while it succeeds in the majority of cases, it effectiveness is influenced and reduced by certain factors. These include the legal representation involved in a case and the availability of legal aid, the capacity of the jury assessing the trial, the credibility of scientific evidence and the impact of social media on the trial process. Due toRead MoreThe Media And The Criminal Justice System Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesThe media plays the role as entertaining and a source of information to its viewers, however, with the current crime trends, most viewers have the perceptions that our criminal justice system is lacking in areas of proper sentencing and protecting the viewers. All this is based upon what we see in the media is the information reliable or not? I say this because of hearing about news personality lying about their experience only to booster the networks rating. When the criminal justice syst em hasRead MoreThe Impact Of Crime Policy On Crime And The Administration Of Justice1634 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1: Nature, Extent, Impact of Crime Policy on Crime the Administration of Justice in the U.S. The challenge of crime policy is that crime is not evenly distributed across the socio-economic population. There are a multitude of reasons why this is a fact, but what is important to know, is that it greatly impacts crime policy. Criminal justice policies have vastly changed, especially in the last fifty years, in an effort to respond to citizens’ needs because of the uneven distribution of crimeRead MoreCapital Punishment and the Media1249 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Media Xavier Mendez Professor Collica JUS110 September 12, 2011 Capital Punishment and the Media In today’s society, the capital punishment known as the death penalty has played a major role in the criminal justice system. It has brought important debates to the national attention in every aspect to whether end the lives of criminals. With the intense media coverage, it raised high standards on disputes on high profile cases such as serial killers. The attention given by the media towardsRead MoreMedia Portrayal Of The Criminal Justice System945 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Portraying the Criminal Justice System Different forms of media, such as television, films, books, and newspapers, have similar ways of portraying the criminal justice system. The media constructs representations of crime and justice and in doing this, it presents an often dramatized representation of the criminal justice system; and this does not just influence on the public’s lay view of crime but also for criminal justice experts (Marsh, 2014). In the media it is commonly known that theyRead MoreMulticulturalism And A Multicultural Society1012 Words   |  5 PagesMulticulturalism and Social diversity is so important and yet so many people still carry around the race card. Social diversity and multiculturalism is more prevalent in the justice system than anything else in society today. According to the ABA the African-America race faces an incarceration rate that is six times that of whites. As a criminal justice professional we must be aware of social issues. There are two reason why social awareness is important, the first is when a group of people is alienatedRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Crime And Justice1538 Words   |  7 PagesAnnotated Bibliography on Crime and Justice Crime may simply be referred to as an offense against the state or against morality and is punishable by law, while justice is the fairness practiced during judgment of cases usually in instances where crime has taken place. Crime and justice go hand in hand as commonly evident in a case whereby a criminal is apprehended and taken to a court of law, then a ruling of justice practiced on the case and fairness used in passing of judgments. In most governmentsRead MoreCrime System And Criminal Justice System Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The criminal justice system has evolved on the decades. From initially being constituted by the victim to eventually becoming constituted by written laws. There have been several changes made within the justice system, so in the following I will discuss my perspectives of the researched information and the noted changes of a system that was created by the people for the people. Topic I – Victim Justice System vs. Criminal Justice System A. Responsibilities of the victim’s past/presentRead MoreFamily Violence : A Serious Social Problem Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesFamily violence is a serious social problem that affects many families around the world. It is defined by the University of Michigan as situation that occurs â€Å"when a person uses physical violence, coercion, threats, intimidation, isolation, stalking, emotional abuse, sexual abuse or economic abuse to control another partner in a relationship† (â€Å"Understanding Abuse†). This includes any kind of behaviour that might make the other person feel scared, threatened and fearful for their safety. AccordingRead MoreUsing Social Media For More Than Being Social1322 Words   |  6 PagesUsing Social Media for More than Being Social As someone who has lived here all of my life, I feel I can confidently say, Florida is a strange place. No, not because extended family in other states think we visit Disney World every weekend or wrestle alligators in our spare time, but for other reasons. For the record, I have not been to Disney since I was about twelve and could not be paid enough to even touch an alligator, but I have seen firsthand just how many strange people are here. Thankfully

Media violence and society Free Essays

The influence of media is characterized by theories about how mass media shape a person’s behavior and thinking.   The development of media is further evidenced by the emergence of the Internet and DVDs, which sophisticated the way an individual receives information from media worldwide (Curran and Seaton, 1988). We will write a custom essay sample on Media violence and society or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most well-known premises about the influence of media on the society are those related to theories having a passive audience. An example of this theory is the hypodermic needle model, which compares media with an intravenous injection, with the media message being the matter transferred.   The explanation is that the information being transmitted by media is voluntarily and obediently received by the audience.   This, however, is still dependent on the interfering factors that changes the way an individual perceives the message (Weaver and Carter, 2006). Another example is the inoculation model, which induces a long-term influence on people by making them resistant or immune to the message conveyed by the media.   Here, a person becomes somewhat desensitized by a violent film for example, making him able to tolerate the same degree of violence once encountered again (Curran and Seaton, 1988). Different theories have different fall backs and limitations but nevertheless, they can help explain how media influences the attitude of an audience.   The theory that violent media result to violence on the part of the audience, especially the younger ones, is also deficient of a logical scientific foundation.   This is the main reason why it is regarded more as a hypothesis rather than a theory (Potter, 1999). Whether or not violent media has bad influences on the society is an argument usually raised when media effects are being taken into consideration.   This has also been used widely as a topic on debates, with the usual premise that violent media indeed have bad effects on its audience, which in fact is true. This argument is supported by many researches which relate the media of violent nature to the aggressiveness and obnoxious behavior of viewers or listeners, especially the younger generations.   A study was done using an inflatable clown which was introduced to two groups of children.   One group was accompanied by an adult who ignored the clown and settled playing with the other toys.   The children also ended up playing quietly and calmly with the toys other than the clown. The other crowd was grouped together with an adult who executed several aggressive moves on the inflatable clown, such as kicking and punching.   The children imitated the moves done by the aggressive adult onto the clown when left alone with the toys.   This can be related to the effect of media since the children can see and consequently imitate the actions of the adults (MAN, 2007). Another study was done after the release of the movie A Clockwork Orange in 1971.   The lead role in the film, which also depicts a hero, was both woman-beater and a rapist.   The film ended up a controversy when gangs started to copy the character of the lead actor, resulting into many rape and death cases.   The director, Stanley Kubrick, was also very sorry that he directed the violent movie. He banned the movie to prevent further criminal cases and for his family’s protection against death threats since he was being held partially accountable for the incidences.   These are just a few examples that violent movies are being imitated by the audience (Barker and Petley, 1997). A research was performed in 1956 to demonstrate the effect of violent media in 24 children.   A dozen watched a violent episode of Woody Woodpecker, while the other half watched a non-violent one entitled The Little Red Hen.   When the children were observed during playtime after watching TV, those who watched the violent show were the ones most likely to fight with each other and smash their toys (Potter, 1999). In 1963, three professors conducted a study which involved 100 children to determine the effects of violence in reality, television, and cartoons on the subjects’ behavior.   The entire population was divided into four, wherein the first group was allowed to witness a real adult shouting at an inflatable doll while at the same time beating it with a toy hammer.   The second twenty five preschool children were shown the same incident on TV, while the third group was allowed to watch a cartoon showing the same event. The fourth was group served as the control, and did not watch any.   All the groups were then opened to annoying circumstances.   All the first three groups exhibited a significantly higher level of aggressiveness as compared to those who were in the fourth group.   The group that watched the incident on TV was as violent and aggressive as those who watched it in the real scenario (Curran and Seaton, 1998). The Kaiser Family Foundation likewise conducted a study in 2003 showing that 47 per cent of parents have reported that their children have, at one point in their lives, have mimicked the violent actions portrayed by a character on TV.   However, the organization reported that children are still more inclined to imitating the positive behaviors they observed.   The violence in cartoons, which is commonly characterized by the use of bomb, guns, and deformed bodies, can make children believe that a person can not be hurt by such violent actions which can cause death and accidents when done in the real world. Furthermore, children often imitate the actions of their super heroes as seen on cartoons and other TV shows.   They sort of internalize what they see and formulate their own script which they would resort into when they encounter trouble or something harsh, making violence a way to solve problems (Healthyminds.org, 2007). Due to the negative psychological effects of animated shows on the target viewers, many cartoons were censored and animators protested because their creations eventually became boring.   They stated that many children who watch such cartoons are not negatively affected in terms of attitude and behavior, and that no scientific evidence was established to link the negative behavior of the audience to the violent media (Barker and Petley, 1997). The majority is being considered in all cases of violent media effects, and it should always be remembered that the subconscious of the audience can still be influenced, regardless of the subject’s age, inert attitude and personality, and moral beliefs (Weaver and carter, 2006). It is a fact that even adults can be negatively influenced by violence in media.   News containing violent reports can be exaggerated in the delivery of information.   This can lead to the people being scared and overreacting to the reported situation, which they can also associate to whatever it is that is happening in their immediate environment.   They might feel unsafe even if they are protected (Barker and Petley, 1997). It should always be remembered that parental guidance is an important factor that can alter an individual’s, especially a child’s, perception of violent media.   This intervention can significantly lessen the effects of violent media on society.   This should have a stronger influence on the audience than the violent media itself.   With all the researches and studies mentioned, it can be concluded that violent media indeed has bad influences on the society.   This is particularly true to children and adolescents who received less guidance from their parents during their childhood. Violent media can cause psychological disturbances and aggressiveness in people when faced with frustrating and provoking situations.   It can also mold children to be destructive when they grow up.   As true as there are people who remain unaffected by violent media, majority can be said to agree with the premise since each and every one in the society, regardless of personality and age, can be subconsciously affected by violent media in some way. Reference List Barker, M. and J. Petley. (1997). Ill Effects:The Media-Violence Debate. NY: Routledge. Curran, J. Seaton, J. (1988). Power without Responsibility. UK: Press and Broadcasting. Healthyminds.org. (2007). â€Å"Psychiatric Effects of Media Violence.† Retrieved May 24, 2007, from http://www.healthyminds.org/mediaviolence.cfm. MAN. (2007). Research on the effects of media violence. Retrieved May 24, 2007, from http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/. Potter, W. J. (1999). On Media Violence, Thousand Oaks: Sage. Weaver, C. K. and C. Carter. (2006), Critical Readings: Violence and the Media, Maidenhead: Open University Press.       How to cite Media violence and society, Essay examples

AP Euro FRQ on Renaissance Essay Example For Students

AP Euro FRQ on Renaissance Essay Europe was still basically Medieval in culture and outlook. Analyze how the Black Death put an end on to this medieval culture and hastened the development of the renaissance. The Bubonic plague, also known as Black Death invaded the bodies of 50% of the English population, flourishing them with welts, 104-degree temperatures, bruising, wretched stench, coughing and death within 24 hours. This awful disease forced an ND to the medieval ages, creating a new way of political, economical and cultural thinking, which today we call the Renaissance. Through the inflation on silver, diminishing use of knights and castles and imposing parliaments on the king Europe was brought to a dawn of a new era, the Renaissance. When the Bubonic plague came to an end, the demand for peasants was at an all time high. This in turn gave the peasants an idea to demand more money for their work. The king had no problem paying more since his plan was to fill silver coins with Alfa lead and lead peasants into inflation. Money would soon become worth less than it had and the amount of coins would not make up for the item being purchased. This kept the peasants stuck giving more money to the king to be grant more coins. Inflation on coinage in Europe leads to a surplus of money back into the royal family. Thus leading to the development of a renaissance lifestyle where the king traps peasants into giving more money to the throne and leading to a continuation of inflation for the next 600 years. The loss of population from Black Death and the new ways of protection and modern thinking from the 100-year way lead to modernization for Europe. France and England were fighting over the right of the French throne. A critical turning point was The Battle of Agent in 1415. The French had 1,750 knights compared to Englands 46 archers. When the battle had begun the French proceeded to get stuck in the mud from the rain the previous night and the English archers killed, injured or captured all the Frenchmen. This battle marked the importance of archers over knights and a sees amount of men in an army. Another idea taken out of medieval times was castles. Cannon balls were being made to be able to crash down a castle, therefore making these structures useless to the now more modern European. Modernization began to come to use after the Black Death forced Europeans to change their way of living through the renaissance by removing use of knights and castle and alter to a more modern lifestyle of using archers in military force and living in gunpowder fortification rather than castles. Ins had to establish a new way to bring in revenue. His thoughts directed towards taxing the rich considering the poor had nothing to give. This idea angered merchants, clergy and nobles and gave them an idea to make in turn with the king. If the king were to tax the merchants and clergy, they had the right to form parliaments. These parliaments took away the power of the king and stopped him from abusing his throne through taxation and government decisions, thus destroying the medieval way of power and leading to a modern way of governing typified by the Renaissance.

Sunday, April 26, 2020

Lost in the Echo by Linkin Park free essay sample

Lost in the Echo is a 2012 song by American band Linkin Park. The background music is made up of fast-paced synths matched with pounding bass. The verses are rapped by Mike Shinoda, who normally does not have the lead in most Linkin Parks songs. Chester Benington, who most listeners are familiar with, performs the chorus. During the second time around, the chorus has a surprise for its listeners. Chester lets out a tremendous scream which echos until the next verse begins. As someone who generally does not prefer screaming in music, goosebumps quickly spread across my body. It was nothing short of amazing. The music video for the single does not have an appearance by the band, but is an incredible work of art. The synopsis is a young man with a suitcase walks into a post-apocalyptic world where he distributes photographs to a growing crowd of people. As the characters move into rundown rooms, they study the photographs that they received. We will write a custom essay sample on Lost in the Echo by Linkin Park or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As they hold them in front of their eyes, magnificently, those seen in the pictures appear before them. The characters have a strong reaction to this, where they cry out as the first scream erupts, as if they had once had a connection with who appeared in front of them. At the end, the photos fade to a blank canvas and those holding them crumble to dust. The man with the suitcase is seen placing photos now containing the faces of who he originally gave the pictures into his suitcase and walks away, presumably heading to another location.

Sunday, April 12, 2020

5 Tips to Get Started Writing Your College Essay

5 Tips to Get Started Writing Your College EssayIf you want to get good at writing a college essay, you should look for ways to use a wide variety of college essay samples. Writing a great essay is important for your future, but it's also important to remember that what you put on paper is the most important. Here are five tips that can help you improve your writing and how to use samples.The first thing you can do is draw on your own ideas and interests. Most essays are composed from a wide range of experiences and themes. However, college students usually write essays that deal with topics that they are familiar with, but that may be new to some college freshmen. If you're doing this in your own experience, it makes sense to write about topics you are familiar with. Do you enjoy playing sports? Write about it!This is one of the best things to do with college essay samples. They are often very brief (some with only two or three paragraphs), and they will help you get into the right frame of mind when you're creating your own. Do you have a fondness for going to the same places as your friends? What did you do?Another example of something you might write is a simple statement such as, 'On a warm night, we drove through the woods and listened to the sounds of nature.' Don't worry too much about putting too much in the essay. You're not trying to take anything from anyone.In addition to using college essay samples, you can also use a college essay blueprint, if you're not experienced with writing essays. Both you and your college adviser will find the blueprint useful, especially if you've never written an essay before.Finally, you can use college essay templates online to get started on your college essay. Thetemplates are not as formal as college templates, but they are often a good place to start. With a template, you can save a lot of time because you don't have to deal with the same mistakes you would with your own work.Use these tips to get a handle on how to write a college essay. Then you'll know how to find essay samples that are helpful and choose the best ones to use.

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Kiowa Indians essays

Kiowa Indians essays The earliest written mention of the Kiowa Indians, of the mid-west plains, was in 1682 by Ren Robert Cavelier who heard of them from a captive Pani slave, boy at Fort St. Louis who called them Manrhouts and Gattacha. The Kiowa are a group of warrior plains people who lived on the southern Great Plains. They became known as expert hunters, horse riders, and warriors who were feared for their raids on other Indian groups (SIRS). It is said that they were first discovered by Saynday, also know as Trickster, who was wandering alone on the sunless earth when he came upon the Kiowas living underground. He helped them crawl up though a hollow cottonwood tree and pulled the from a small owl hole. He had pulled a lot out and a pregnant woman got stuck in the hole and they couldnt get her to come free so the rest of the Kiowa got stuck in the ground, that is why today there arent very many of them (Starwolf). As a result of the Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867, the Kiowa were assigned to a reservation in Oklahoma in 1868. They never really confined their activities to the reservation, however, and in 1874 resumed warfare with the white settlers in the vicinity. It wasnt until around a year later, when a large number of their horses were captured and destroyed, and several of their leaders were captured that the Kiowa were defeated (Virginia Haase). The Kiowa hunted buffalo for food, clothing, supplies, shelter, and even pictures. Like the Comanche, they lived in tee-pees, which are very easy to move, and being nomads this helped the Kiowa out greatly. They moved mainly to follow buffalo herds because buffalo was their most important source of food, they also ate plants, roots, and berries when they ran out and couldnt find anymore buffalo, women doing the gathering, men the hunting. Now The Kiowa did realize that buffalo were very important to them so the respected a...

Monday, March 2, 2020

RUIZ Surname Meaning and Origin

RUIZ Surname Meaning and Origin Ruiz is a patronymic surname meaning son of Ruy, a short form of the given name Rodrigo. Rodrigo derives  from the Germanic  name  Roderick (Hrodric), from the elements hrod, meaning renown and ric, meaning power. Ruiz is the 21st most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  RUIZE, ROIZ, ROIZE, RODRIZ, RUDERIZ Famous People With the Surname Ruiz Josà ©Ã‚  Francisco Ruiz: 19th century Texas pioneer and revolutionaryBlas Ruiz: Spanish explorerCarlos Ruiz: Panamanian professional MLB baseball playerBartolomà © Ruiz: Spanish conquistador Where Do People With the Ruiz Surname Live? Ruiz is the 201st most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution data from  Forebears, found in greatest numbers  in Mexico and with the highest density in Nicaragua. The Rivera surname is also very common in Spain (ranked 12th), Argentina (14th) and Paraguay (17th). Within Europe, Ruiz is most frequently found in Spain, according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the Cantabria region, followed by the regions of La Rioja, Andalucia, Murcia and Castilla-La Mancha. The surname is also very common in Argentina, and found in lesser numbers in France and the United States. Genealogy Resources for the Surname RUIZ 100 Common Hispanic Surnames Their Meanings: Garcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names?How to Research Hispanic Heritage: Learn how to get started researching  your Hispanic ancestors, including the basics of family tree research and country specific organizations, genealogical records, and resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean and other Spanish speaking countries.Ruiz Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Ruiz surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Ruiz query.FamilySearch - Ruiz Genealogy: Access over 3.3 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Ruiz surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Resources and Further Reading Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.